Herein we report the results of a large, multisite, National Institutes of Health–funded retrospective cohort study designed to assess the occurrence of mortality, CVD mortality, acute myocardial infarction (MI), stroke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA), and hospitalization for congestive heart failure (CHF) in adults with type 2 diabetes who initiated and adhered to a regimen of human vs analogue insulin. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.