This discrepancy could be due either to the different populations studied (e.g. the PPP-Botnia and MDC-CC are population cohorts consisting of only 5.9% and 4.4% individuals with diabetes, respectively, in contrast to the LEADER and SUSTAIN trial in which only diabetic individuals were studied) or, even more likely, to different concentrations of GLP-1 as the cardioprotective effects of GLP-1 agonists/analogues demonstrated earlier are attributed to pharmacologically induced, supraphysiological levels of GLP-1 in contrast to the normal, physiological GLP-1 levels in our study. The gene discussed is GCG; the disease is diabetes mellitus.