A previous study of low-risk nulliparous pregnant women in an international cohort, SCreening fOr Pregnancy Endpoints (SCOPE) study (www.scopestudy.net), used clinical data to determine risk factors linked to two sub-phenotypes of sPTB, sPTB with intact membranes (sPTB-IM) and sPTB occurring after prelabour rupture of membranes (sPTB-PPROM). The gene discussed is SPTB; the disease is preterm premature rupture of the membranes.