Anti-GD2 antibody therapies combined with granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and 13-cis-retinotic acid have improved the 2-year survival rate by 20%40,43,44, but neuroblastoma cells with low GD2 expression fail to respond to this therapy45 and so the prognosis of high-risk neuroblastoma remains very poor43,46 and new treatments are required. Here, CSF2 is linked to neuroblastoma.