VIM and cancer: Although not all the EMT markers were similarly altered, partial EMT was confirmed in each cancer cell type, with an increase in several mesenchymal traits including N-cadherin (CDH2), Snail (SNAIL1), Slug (SNAIL2), ZEB1 and vimentin, and/or a reduction in ZO-1 and E-cadherin (CDH1) as documented by mRNA quantification (Fig. 5b and Supplementary Fig. 5a, b) and protein immunodetection (Fig. 5c and Supplementary Fig. 5c, d).