In addition, Rab25 displays anti-invasive and anti-tumorigenic properties by down-regulation of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (Raf)-mitogen activated protein kinase/ ERK kinase (MEK) 1/2-ERK (FAK-Raf-MEK1/2-ERK) signaling pathway when overexpressed in EC18 and EC109 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines [29]. This evidence concerns the gene PTK2 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.