IGHE and cystic fibrosis: Interestingly, as the IL-9/MC axis contributes to chronic allergic inflammation [108] and is associated in a sex-specific manner with IgE levels in cystic fibrosis [109], it may lead to the hypothesis that VVC is an allergic reaction to the ability of Candida-specific IgE and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to inhibit vaginal cell-mediated immune response [110].