TNF and infection: 54 In addition, anti‐TNFα agents have been shown to be associated with increased infection risks for invasive fungal infections, particularly when given late in the overall course of treatment in pediatric patients.55 The neutralization of TNF activity could lead to suppression of the production of IFN, promotion of monocyte apoptosis, and prevention of maintenance of granuloma, allowing fungus growth in several organs.56