GSTM1 and atherosclerosis: We used age, BMI, SBP, DBP, WBC, Hb, ALT, AST, ALB, Cr, gender, symptom, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, stroke, atherosclerosis, type of AAD (Stanford), and management as the stratification variables to observe the trend of effect sizes in these variables (Table 5) We noted that none interactions were observed based on our a priori specification (all P values for interaction >0.05).