Several studies have reported that BBR exerts beneficial effects on NAFLD in adult patients and animal models through various potential mechanisms such as improvement of insulin sensitivity, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and gut microenvironment (Yan et al., 2015; Zhu et al., 2016). Here, INS is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.