PNPLA3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Homozygous PNPLA3 I148M genotype confers greater risk of more severe carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) in 162 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD aged < 50 (OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.12–7.70, p = 0.02), validated in 267 patients with clinical or histological NAFLD (Petta et al., 2013).