Interestingly, genes in CNLs were involved in different biological processes normally preventing cellular movement and tumour dissemination, including several components of the proteinaceous extracellular matrix, protocadherins (e.g. PCDH1, PCDHB8, and PCDHB1), and cell adhesion molecules (e.g. OPCML, CTNNA1, MEGF10, PCDH1, FAT3, HEPACAM, ESAM, NTM, and SPON1)49, Table 8. This evidence concerns the gene PCDH1 and neoplasm.