TNF and neoplasm: Only SFV4-infected tumor cells consistently induced DCs to secrete Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-12, TNF-α), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β,) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) (Fig. 4g, Supplementary Fig. 9).