ACVR1 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): This is the case of tuberous sclerosis 1/hamartin (TSC1) or tuberous sclerosis 2/tuberin (TSC2) mutations occurring in subependymal giant cell astrocytomas [105], as well as H3 histone family member A/B (HIST1H3A/B) and activin receptor type 1 (ACVR1) mutations in diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas [106,107].