At the protein level, histopathological biomarkers include PD-L1 expression, which is a biomarker candidate during anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 monotherapy in the context of melanoma, NSCLC, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and bladder cancer [130], and several other proteins, in their majority marking the presence of relevant immune cell populations to the efficacy of ICB. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.