TGFB1 and myeloid sarcoma: In agreement with the lower SMAD7 levels in CD4+ T cells from the peripheral blood of MS patients observed in the present work, Zhang et al. found values for the microRNA miR-181, a SMAD7 inhibitor, to be increased in the same cells of MS patients, thus suggesting an increase in TGF-β-mediated Th17 differentiation [32].