Among all of the well characterized cGAS regulators, polyglutamine binding protein-1 (PQBP1) and Non-POU (Pit-Oct-Unc) domain-containing octamer-binding protein (NONO) are the only host factors currently known to specifically regulate cGAS-mediated innate sensing of HIV-1 infection (Figure 1) [15,21,62,63]. Here, CGAS is linked to HIV-1 infection.