Coincident with these in vitro findings, studies performed in macaques infected intravaginally with SIV showed that NLRX1 is upregulated very early upon inoculation and inversely correlated with expression of antiviral ISGs expression, further underscoring the importance of NLRX1 in HIV-1 infection and transmission by manipulating the antiviral immune system [67,68]. Here, NLRX1 is linked to HIV-1 infection.