There were decreases in both infiltrating CD4 and CD8 T cells in the papillomas arising in K17KO blocked with anti-CXCR3 (Fig 5C), suggesting the increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells in K17KO mouse papillomas was mediated by the CXCL9/CXCL10/CXCR3 signaling axis. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL9 and papilloma.