Importantly, the majority of the Tyr and Ser/Thr kinases, which were affected by aerobic endurance training status in the present study such as ZAP70, FGFRs, CaMK4, IKKα and some members of AGC kinase family are also used as pharmacological targets for kinase inhibitors with respect to the treatment of immunological and autoimmune diseases, cancer and viral infection88–91. Here, CAMK4 is linked to cancer.