INS and systemic inflammatory response syndrome: Moskowitz et al. [13] compared qSOFA and systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria in predicting the need for critical care intervention (vasopressor use, assisted ventilation, continuous insulin infusion, ≥4000 mL intravenous fluid within 12 h of ICU admission, placement of invasive catheters, or RRT) in patients with suspected infection who presented to the ED.