SOCS3 and medulloblastoma: Furthermore, in medulloblastoma, the most common type of primary brain malignancy in children [171], RES suppressed cell growth by STAT3 downregulation, decreased the incidence of STAT3 nuclear translocation, and promoted neuronal differentiation of medulloblastoma cells by axon regeneration and accumulation of SOCS3 to the synapse-like end of long cell processes [172].