GFAP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: For example, previous studies have demonstrated that HFD-consumption-induced obesity causes CNS inflammation, followed by astrogliosis [66] and microgliosis [67] in rodents, which can be recognized by elevations in their respective markers, including GFAP (an astrocytic marker) and Iba-1 (microglia marker) [68].