MIF and breast carcinoma: We inhibited autophagy using shRNAs (NS, non-silencing control, ATG7 or beclin-1 shRNAs) in the 66cl4 breast cancer cell line, which showed the highest level of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in response to the inhibition of autophagy (Figure 2), and in which ROS production was found to mediate MIF secretion (Figure 3); collected conditioned media (CM) from these cells and incubated non-transduced, autophagy proficient 67NR or 4T1 cells with this CM.