Further, in vitro studies using SH-SY5Y cells suggested that the neuroprotective efficacy of BRC in ALS (SOD1H46R) mice attributed, at least in part, to the upregulation of several anti-oxidative-stress genes, nuclear factor related erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and mediated effective synthesis of glutathione (GSH), presumably in astrocytes. Here, HMOX1 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.