C9orf72 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Oligodendrocytes and myelin are not only central to the pathological mechanisms of inflammatory diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis), but they may also play an important role in several neurodegenerative diseases, such as ALS The importance of oligodendrocytes in disease onset/progression was suggested in SOD1-, C9ORF72-, and TDP-43 pathologies.