Cryopyrin-associated periodic fever syndrome (CAPS) is a group of autoinflammatory autosomal-dominant diseases characterized by gain-of-function mutations in the NLRP3 gene, which produces the protein cryopyrin, a critical component of inflammasomes, which play a crucial role in processing precursors of IL1B, IL18, and IL33 to produce their mature forms [114,128]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome.