TNF and Miyoshi myopathy: In the BM of MM patients, resident macrophages and plasma cells are induced to transdifferentiate into functional osteoclasts by release of IL-6, IL-1α or –1β, IL-11, TNF-α, TNF-β, and Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (M-CSF) (also named osteoclast activating factors or OAF), as well as alterations of Runx2 and Wnt pathways [20,32,54].