HLF and infective vaginitis: Regarding gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria involved in vaginal infections, bLf has been shown to prevent the ability of pathogenic bacteria, such as Chlamydia trachomatis, to adhere to or invade mammalian cell lines [38] and a specific receptor for human lactoferrin (hLf) and bLf has been identified on Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from various clinical sources including vaginal infections [39].