TBX1 and cancer: As shown in Figure 6, we propose that Tbx1 is activated by both SHH signaling and SOX9 and that downstream, TBX1 contributes to the maintenance of WNT signaling (canonical and/or noncanonical) through positive regulation of Dvl2. In addition, through Dvl2/PCP, or directly, TBX1 regulates dynamic characteristics of cancer cells.