Further, we observed that deregulation of certain factors such as BST2, E-Selectin, HMMR, and CCL7 in LECs requires a direct interaction with the tumor cell, whereas higher expression levels of most cytokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL6, CSF2) and the complement system molecules (C1R, C3 and CFB) can also be induced in LECs by paracrine signaling. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL1 and neoplasm.