PGP and epilepsy: In a large study on post-mortem brains from patients with drug-sensitive or drug-resistant chronic epilepsy and controls, Liu et al. [69] found highly localized overexpression of Pgp in the epileptogenic hippocampus of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (on the vascular endothelium and end-feet of vascular glia, forming a ‘double cuff’) and concluded “our findings show that the expression of Pgp is compatible with the inherent assumptions of one current hypothesis of multidrug resistance”.