MZF1 and cancer: These mutations resemble the wild-type sequences of the binding motifs of MZF1, nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFR-2), which together can contribute to increased expression of HGF. Whether this is a single type of cancer and a gene where new MZF1 binding sites are gained through a cancer-induced mutation or if multiple cancers and promoters are involved, is not yet known.