CFTR and cystic fibrosis: Together, our data demonstrate that CFTR dysfunction modulates the adaptive immune response and the gut microbiome suggesting that restoring CFTR function through CFTR modulators could result in the added benefit of the reversion of the gut microbiota towards that found in healthy, non-CF people, and such findings were recently described in a small prospective observational study where ivacaftor treatment resulted in altered gut microbiota and decreased intestinal inflammation [43].