However, the transcript levels of the transcription factors Rel1 and Rel2 from the Toll and IMD pathways, respectively, showed significantly higher induction levels in WT females at 24 h and KO mosquitoes at 48 h suggesting that both pathways are activated on infection with E. coli in an mJHBP-dependent manner (Fig 9D and 9E). This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and infection.