Copper is present in higher concentrations in cancer tissues in comparison to normal tissues, and recent studies indicate that Atox1 may play a role in promoting carcinogenesis and cancer cell growth through increased reactive oxygen species (ROS)[16] and also increased cancer cell migration in indicated by the accumulation of Atox1 at lamellipodia borders of migrating breast cancer cells[14]. This evidence concerns the gene ATOX1 and breast carcinoma.