A phase II clinical trial of inhaled IFNβ for virus-induced asthma exacerbation showed promising results (clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT 01126177).48,49 Translationally, targeting IFNβ directly to R2D2 will limit the toxicity of IFNβ and improve its efficacy. The gene discussed is IFNB1; the disease is asthma.