The T790M mutation occurs as a result of the resistance mechanism to afatinib treatment in EGFR-mutated NSCLC, and mutations in the tumor suppressor gene TP53, which have been associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in various malignancies16–18, may play a role in the resistance to EGFR-TKIs in EGFR-mutated NSCLC19. The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is neoplasm.