Recently, Azad et al. showed upregulation of PD-L1 in several PDA cell lines after irradiation in vitro and, moreover, a strongly enhanced antitumoural immune response upon irradiation in combination with PD-L1 blockade to occur exclusively at high radiation doses (20, 12, 3 × 5 Gy) in vivo9. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and Patent ductus arteriosus.