TIMP1 and neoplasm: Apart from confirming targets, such as ERBB2 and S100A11, which are exclusively upregulated in the tumour epithelial cells, qPCR data confirmed that stromal targets such as SPARC, TIMP1, IGFBP7, COL1A1 were upregulated specifically in stromal components and not in epithelial components (Fig. 5b).