VEGFA and neoplasm: These mechanisms can be via modulation of the immune response to tumors through affecting the function of macrophages (Nissen, Selwood, & Tsirka, 2013) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) (Delgoffe et al., 2013), via angiogenesis by promotion of NRP1/VEGF‐A signaling (Pan et al., 2007); through prevention of tumor cell migration by binding to NRP1 (Jia et al., 2010); or a direct effect on the tumor cells (Grun, Adhikary, & Eckert, 2016).