PDIA3 and neuroblastoma: Overexpression of PDIA3 protects neurons from cell toxicity induced by methamphetamine in neuroblastoma cell lines (Pendyala, Ninemire, & Fox, 2012) and also from hypoxic brain damage (Kam et al., 2011; Liu et al., 2015; Tanaka et al., 2000), while downregulation of PDIA3 in the nervous system of mice causes severe motor dysfunction and is associated with the loss of neuromuscular synapses (Woehlbier et al., 2016).