AKT1 and cholangiocarcinoma: To further elucidate the role of PI3K/Akt pathway in celastrol inhibiting CCA development, we initially pretreated TFK‐1 cells with celastrol at different concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 20 μmol/L), then activated or inactivated the pathway by Akt1 transfection and LY294002, respectively.