The ORs (95% CI) for ESCC decreased for the 2008‐2018 period, compared with the 1993‐2007 period (0.34 [0.25‐0.47]) and per 1 kg/m2 increment of BMI (0.93 [0.89‐0.97]) and increased per 10 pack‐years increment (1.06 [1.01‐1.12]), for the ALDH2*1/*2 genotype (8.49 [6.47‐11.13]), and for the ADH1B*1/*1 genotype (2.42 [1.83‐3.20]). This evidence concerns the gene ALDH2 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.