TLR4 and colonic neoplasm: Membranes-bound pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and 2 (TLR2), have been shown in both in vitro and in vivo studies to enhance metastasis in colon cancers (Hsu et al., 2011; Kim and Karin, 2011; Cario, 2013).