IL13 and hepatocellular carcinoma: To study the potential impact of M2 macrophages on HCC progression, we first applied the 100 ng/ml PMA to induce the THP-1 cells into macrophages, then 20 ng/ml IL-4 and IL-13 were used to induce M2 polarized phenotype and the M2 and M1 markers were measured (Fig. 1A, Figure S1 A).