TLR4 signaling promotes the development of HCC development in HCC induced by N′-N′-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) by increasing production of proinflammatory and cancer-related biomolecules, including cytokines, NANOG, Caspase-1, Ephrin-A1, NO, and B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6 (BCL6) 18, 19. Here, NANOG is linked to cancer.