ATE1 and cardiac hypertrophy: In response to renal artery ligation, ATE1 knockdown significantly attenuated cardiac hypertrophy (Ligated + ATE1siRNA) as compared where nonspecific siRNA was knockdown (Ligated + NS-siRNA) as shown by the reduced mRNA expression of hypertrophic markers like ANP, BNP, and β-MHC (Fig. 3B–D) and reduced protein expression levels of ANP (Fig. 3B1).