Consistently, a similar effect was observed in a variety of tumor cells including human hepatocellular carcinoma Huh7, breast cancer MCF7 and osteosarcoma U2OS cells (Fig. 1h, i, and Supplementary Fig. 1d–f), indicating a common mechanism for TRIM25 in response to ER stress in various tumors. Here, TRIM25 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.