In this module, seven genes including FOSB, ATF3, PPP1R5A, ZFP36, SOCS3, NAMPT, and GADD45B are novel in IPF., ATF3 is a candidate hub DEG that changes the expression of a subset of inflammatory genes downstream of IFN signaling and has a prominent role in macrophages. Here, GADD45B is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.