One study established that overexpression of CLDN-1 induces MMP-2 in SNU-354, -423 and -449 HCC cells resulting in increased invasion and migration of the cancer cells compared to the normal liver cells and other CLDN-1 expressing HCC cells such as SNU-398 and SNU-475 [63]. This evidence concerns the gene CLDN1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.