INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In the present study, supplementation of GHP induced a decreased expression of p-IRS-1 and increased expressions of p-PI3K and p-Akt, and elevated the muscle glycogen level via increasing glucose uptake mediated by GLUT4 and increasing GS activity in the skeletal muscle in T2D mice, indicating that the antidiabetic effect of GHP was partly via restoring the insulin signaling pathway.